What are the types of infectious diseases?

Infectious diseases are illnesses brought on by pathogens—dangerous organisms—that enter your body from the outside. Infectious disease-causing pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites, and, in rare cases, prions. Infectious diseases can be contracted from other people, insect bites, contaminated food, drink, or soil.

Worldwide, infectious diseases are very frequent, but some are more prevalent than others. For instance, 1 out of every 5 Americans contracts the flu virus each year, yet less than 300 people are found to have prion illnesses.

Here is a list of some of the most prevalent infectious diseases, organised by type.

Common infectious diseases caused by viruses:

  • Common cold.
  • The flu (influenza).
  • COVID-19.
  • Stomach flu (gastroenteritis).
  • Hepatitis.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Common infectious diseases caused by bacteria:

  • Strep throat.
  • Salmonella.
  • Tuberculosis.
  • Whooping cough (pertussis).
  • Chlamydia, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  • E. coli.
  • Clostridioides difficile (C. diff).

Common infectious diseases caused by fungi:

  • Ringworm (like athlete’s foot).
  • Fungal nail infections.
  • Vaginal candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection).
  • Thrush.

Common infectious diseases caused by parasites:

  • Giardiasis.
  • Toxoplasmosis.
  • Hookworms.
  • Pinworms.


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